Middleware: What It Is, How It Chains, and When to Write Your Own

Middleware is one of Laravel’s most tested certification topics because it sits at the core of the request lifecycle. This article goes beyond basic syntax to explain how middleware works internally, how the pipeline pattern processes requests, what happens when $next is skipped, and why some middleware never executes. If you want to truly understand Laravel middleware rather than just use it, this is where to start.

Rolldown and Vite 8: What Changed

Vite 8 replaced both esbuild and Rollup with Rolldown. Here's what that means for your Vue project in practice.

Closures Explained: How Functions Remember Their Scope

A function in JavaScript remembers the scope it was created in, even after that scope has finished executing. Learn what closures are, why the loop bug happens, and how to use them in practice.

Writing Custom Hooks in React: Patterns, Pitfalls, and When to Reach for One

A practical guide to writing custom React Hooks: the patterns they replaced, the rules they must follow, when to extract one, and libraries that cover the rest.

State Management in Nuxt: Pinia or sticking to basics?

Using Pinia vs Basic State Management: When Vue's built-in reactivity is enough and when Pinia earns its place in your project.

Modern Angular: Replacing Lifecycle Hooks with Signals

As an Angular developer, you’ve likely used lifecycle hooks such as ngOnChanges, ngOnInit, and ngOnDestroy. With the advent of Zoneless and Signals, we can use better, more readable options.

How Eloquent Actually Builds Your Models

A deep dive into Laravel Eloquent under the hood — explore how models are resolved, hydrated, and persisted, and uncover the internal mechanics most developers use daily but rarely fully understand.

The Role Vite Plays in Vue

What Vite actually does in a Vue project, from dev server to production build, and why it replaced Vue CLI.

JavaScript finally gets dates right

JavaScript's Date object is 30 years old, copied from Java, and never really fixed. Temporal is the native API that finally gets dates right: immutable, timezone-aware, and no more dividing by 86400000.